The mental impairment of multi-infarct dementia (MID) occurs as a result pf cerebral vascular disease and small strokes throughout the brain. The likelihood of this disease increases with hypertension and diabetes, which are risk factors for strokes. It features a deterioration of thinking functions and an abnormal neurologic examination. These individuals often have abnormal gait and strength in association with their dementia. Its progression is different than Alzheimer's disease in that with each descending step there may be an abrupt worsening, and between episodes there may be mild improvement.

The progression of the disease may be somewhat arrested if the risk factors which predispose the patient to stroke are treated effectively. These factors are similar to those for heart disease: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, smoking and heart disease. Although this approach is sound, practically it is very difficult to make an impact on the outcome of individuals with MID.

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